Ubuntu16.04安装cuda及docker环境下使用nvidia设备

作者: sysit 分类: d 发表于 2020-05-16 82人围观

> 本文使用NVIDIA卡，cuda已经包含了最新的驱动程序，因此不需要额外安装NVIDIA驱动。

## 1. 物理机安装cuda

### 1.1 安装gcc

```
root@gpu:~# apt-get install build-essential
```

### 1.2 下载cuda

```
https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads?target_os=Linux&target_arch=x86_64&target_distro=Ubuntu&target_version=1604&target_type=runfilelocal
```

### 1.3 安装

```
//执行安装
root@gpu:~# sh cuda_10.2.89_440.33.01_linux.run

//选择accept，instll

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  End User License Agreement                                                  |
|  --------------------------                                                  |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|  Preface                                                                     |
|  -------                                                                     |
|                                                                              |
|  The Software License Agreement in Chapter 1 and the Supplement              |
|  in Chapter 2 contain license terms and conditions that govern               |
|  the use of NVIDIA software. By accepting this agreement, you                |
|  agree to comply with all the terms and conditions applicable                |
|  to the product(s) included herein.                                          |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|  NVIDIA Driver                                                               |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|  Description                                                                 |
|                                                                              |
|  This package contains the operating system driver and                       |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Do you accept the above EULA? (accept/decline/quit):                         |
| accept                                                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CUDA Installer                                                               |
| - [X] Driver                                                                 |
|      [X] 440.33.01                                                           |
| + [X] CUDA Toolkit 10.2                                                      |
|   [X] CUDA Samples 10.2                                                      |
|   [X] CUDA Demo Suite 10.2                                                   |
|   [X] CUDA Documentation 10.2                                                |
|   Options                                                                    |
|   Install                                                                    |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
|                                                                              |
| Up/Down: Move | Left/Right: Expand | 'Enter': Select | 'A': Advanced options |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

//安装完成后的提示信息
===========
= Summary =
===========

Driver:   Installed
Toolkit:  Installed in /usr/local/cuda-10.2/
Samples:  Installed in /home/bbders/, but missing recommended libraries

Please make sure that
 -   PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-10.2/bin
 -   LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-10.2/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-10.2/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root

To uninstall the CUDA Toolkit, run cuda-uninstaller in /usr/local/cuda-10.2/bin
To uninstall the NVIDIA Driver, run nvidia-uninstall

Please see CUDA_Installation_Guide_Linux.pdf in /usr/local/cuda-10.2/doc/pdf for detailed information on setting up CUDA.
Logfile is /var/log/cuda-installer.log
```

### 1.4 环境变量

```
root@gpu:~# vi /etc/profie
//末尾添加
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda-10.2/bin

root@gpu:~# vi /etc/ld.so.conf
//末尾添加
/usr/local/cuda-10.2/lib64

//查看
root@gpu:~# cat /etc/profile
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).

if [ "$PS1" ]; then
  if [ "$BASH" ] && [ "$BASH" != "/bin/sh" ]; then
    # The file bash.bashrc already sets the default PS1.
    # PS1='\h:\w\$ '
    if [ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ]; then
      . /etc/bash.bashrc
    fi
  else
    if [ "`id -u`" -eq 0 ]; then
      PS1='# '
    else
      PS1='$ '
    fi
  fi
fi

if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
  for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
    if [ -r $i ]; then
      . $i
    fi
  done
  unset i
fi
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda-10.2/bin

root@gpu:~#  cat /etc/ld.so.conf
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
/usr/local/cuda-10.2/lib64

//source 
root@gpu:~# source /etc/profile

//ldconfig
root@gpu:~# ldconfig
```

### 1.5 检查

```
root@gpu:~# nvidia-smi 
Fri May 15 00:21:37 2020       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 440.33.01    Driver Version: 440.33.01    CUDA Version: 10.2     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 00000000:02:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 24%   29C    P0    42W / 180W |      0MiB /  8119MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|   1  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 00000000:82:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 23%   32C    P0    44W / 180W |      0MiB /  8119MiB |      1%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

```

## 2 docker环境使用

* `nvidia-container-toolkit`：`docker-ce`的`19.03`版本之后已经原生支持`nvidia`，不再推荐使用`nvidia-docker2`，采用`nvidia-container-toolkit`。
    
* `nvidia-docker2`：`docker-ce`的`19.03`之前的版本依然使用`nvidia-docker2`。

* `nvidia-docker`的`github`地址：`https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker`

### 2.1 安装docker

```
// 公钥
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

// 软件仓库
sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) \
   stable"

// 安装
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce

//安装指定版本
//最新的docker-ce版本是19.03版本，如果要安装其他的版本，参照如下方式：
apt-cache madison docker-ce
apt-get -y install docker-ce=5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-xenial
```

### 2.2 nvidia-docker2

`nvidia-docker2`适用于`docker-ce 19.03`以前的版本。链接地址：`https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/wiki/Installation-(version-2.0)`

* 仓库源

```
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey |  sudo apt-key add -

distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID)
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list
sudo apt-get update
```

* nvidia-docker2安装

```
// 安装
sudo apt-get install nvidia-docker2
sudo pkill -SIGHUP dockerd
```
> 注意：/etc/docker/daemon.json会被覆盖。

* 验证使用

```
// docker 镜像
// 镜像地址：https://hub.docker.com/r/nvidia/cuda/tags
docker pull nvidia/cuda:10.2-base

// 使用
root@gpu:~# docker run --runtime=nvidia --rm nvidia/cuda:10.2-base nvidia-smi
Fri May 15 08:27:51 2020       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 440.33.01    Driver Version: 440.33.01    CUDA Version: 10.2     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 00000000:02:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 24%   31C    P0    41W / 180W |      0MiB /  8119MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|   1  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 00000000:82:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 23%   34C    P0    41W / 180W |      0MiB /  8119MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
```

### 2.3 nvidia-container-toolkit安装

适用于`docker-ce 19.03`版本

* 仓库

```
# Add the package repositories
distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID)
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add -
curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list
```

* 安装

```
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit
sudo systemctl restart docker
```
> 注意：/etc/docker/daemon.json会被覆盖。

* 验证
 
```
// docker 镜像
// 镜像地址：https://hub.docker.com/r/nvidia/cuda/tags
docker pull nvidia/cuda:10.2-base

//测试
root@gpu:~# docker run --gpus all nvidia/cuda:10.2-base nvidia-smi 
Fri May 15 08:05:52 2020       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 440.33.01    Driver Version: 440.33.01    CUDA Version: 10.2     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 00000000:02:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 24%   31C    P0    41W / 180W |      0MiB /  8119MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|   1  GeForce GTX 1080    Off  | 00000000:82:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 22%   34C    P0    40W / 180W |      0MiB /  8119MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
```

* 使用手册

``` 
#### Test nvidia-smi with the latest official CUDA image
docker run --gpus all nvidia/cuda:10.0-base nvidia-smi

# Start a GPU enabled container on two GPUs
docker run --gpus 2 nvidia/cuda:10.0-base nvidia-smi

# Starting a GPU enabled container on specific GPUs
docker run --gpus '"device=1,2"' nvidia/cuda:10.0-base nvidia-smi
docker run --gpus '"device=UUID-ABCDEF,1"' nvidia/cuda:10.0-base nvidia-smi

# Specifying a capability (graphics, compute, ...) for my container
# Note this is rarely if ever used this way
docker run --gpus all,capabilities=utility nvidia/cuda:10.0-base nvidia-smi
```

如果觉得我的文章对您有用，请随意赞赏。您的支持将鼓励我继续创作！